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An American Perspective on the European Commission's "Amended Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Control of Concentrations Between Undertakings" and its Impact on Hostile Tender Offers
01 Jan 1989The Amended Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Control of Concentrations Between Undertakings is a European measure in preparation for the unified internal market in 1992. The aim of the proposal is to regulate corporate reorganizations, mergers, and acquisitions resulting from the additional competition likely to emerge from the unified market. This article provides a thorough analysis of …
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Countervailing Subsidization: Another Missile in the Trade Law Arsenal?
01 Jan 1989This article concentrates on the findings of the Canadian Import Tribunal (CIT, predecessor to the Canadian International Trade Tribunal) in their report entitled, Subsidized Grain Corn from the United States of America. To understand the nature of the problem with which the CIT dealt, it will be necessary to look at some of the background and peculiarities of the regulation of international tra…
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On the Evolution of the United Nations’ 'Protect-Respect-Remedy' Project: The State, the Corporation and Human Rights in a Global Governance Context
01 Jan 2011The advent of contemporary economic globalization has substantially altered the regulatory environment in which economic enterprises operate. Once assumed to be creatures of the states that recognized and regulated their existence, economic enterprises today are increasingly capable of arranging their activities beyond the regulatory scope of any state or groups of states. That gap between operat…
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From Institutional Misalignments to Socially Sustainable Governance: The Guiding Principles for the Implementation of the United Nations Protect, Respect and Remedy and the Construction of Inter-Systemic Global Governance
01 Jan 2012Once upon a time, and for a very short time, there was something that people in authority, and those who manage collective memory, considered a stable system of political and economic organization. It was grounded on a complex division of authority between states, economic entities and social collectives. Contemporary economic globalization has destabilized this traditional system. Corporations a…
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Altering the Balance between State Sovereignty and Competition: The Impact of Seminole Tribe on the Antitrust State Action Immunity Doctrine
01 Jan 1997In the post-Seminole Tribe world, the legal analysis in situations where states have chosen regulation over competition, supplanting the free functioning of markets, will diverge depending upon the identity of the defendant. If a state, its agencies, or departments are the named defendants, the broader Eleventh Amendment analysis controls and claims for damages against government entities must b…
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Change of Control Board: Federal Preemption of the Law Governing a Target's Directors
01 Jan 2001This article sets out a proposed federal uniform standard governing the actions by the board of directors of a publicly held corporation that is the target of a change of control transaction. This proposal would apply in each of the following four merger and acquisition transactions: (1) the acquisition of a target in an arm's-length negotiated merger or acquisition; (2) the acquisition of a targ…
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Ab-initio study of the optical properties of beryllium-sulphur co-doped graphene
13 Jun 2019Graphene is a carbon material with excellent properties, which makes it applicable in a myriad of applications. However, the range of the applications of graphene can be extended to the developing field of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics by doping it with heteroatoms. In this study, Be and S atoms were used to co-dope graphene. The impurity concentration was varied by increasing the size of…
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A comparison of surface-to-coal mine roadway TEM and surface TEM responses to water-enriched bodies
07 Apr 2020The surface transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is a geophysical technology normally used in detecting water-enriched zones. However, with an increase of mining depth, the accuracy and reliability of surface detection is gradually reduced, and surface TEM cannot meet the requirements of high- precision detection for coal mine production safety. In this study, surface-to-coal mine roadway TE…
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Reaction kinetics of ZrF4 chloridation at elevated temperatures
30 Jul 2018Zirconium metal is used in the alloy cladding of nuclear fuel rods. Necsa produces ZrF4 by reacting ammonium bifluoride with desilicated plasmadissociated zircon. The ZrF4 then undergoes a sublimation separation step to reduce the Hf content to below 100 ppm Hf. The ZrF4 is converted into ZrCl4 via its reaction with magnesium chloride. The ZrCl4 is then used in a plasma process to produce Zr…
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Effect of storage conditions on Moringa oleifera Lam. seed oil : biodiesel feedstock quality
03 May 2016Moringa seed oil is known as Ben oil. Recently research by several authors illustrated the potential use ofBen oil for biodiesel production. Oil quality is directly related to the physiological condition of the seedsfrom which it is extracted. Oil extracted from damaged and deteriorated seed can compromise fuel quality.The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various storage conditio…